Cloning essay

Cloning essay

Any subject. Oxfordshire OX10 8DE: CABI, cloning essay. As soon as Dr. On the one hand it is… Bibliography "Anti-Cloning Effort Seeks Complete Ban. agree with President Bush's ethical opposition to all human cloning? What is Cloning?

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There are many arguments going on in the world about cloning. How does it benefit us, as humans, and whether or not it is worth all the money that is put into research? While some scientists argue that cloning will change the world cloning essay a better place, other scientists are having second thoughts whether or not it is worthwhile. Cloning is considered possible with plants, animals and humans. Cloning plants and animals cloning essay have some pros, for example, it may help create species, especially nutritional plants and food producing animals that will cloning essay more diseases. But at the same time it creates a situation in which efforts to fully clone both, cloning essay, will eventually result in lack of DNA distinction.

Even with all modern technologies and knowledge that scientists have access to, they are not able to predict behavior of viruses and other unexpected things that cloned species will have to face in the future. So with viruses evolving and mutating, minimum diversity in genes will eventually lead to species extinction, as they will not be able to enhance survivability. When it comes to cloning humans, arguments become far more complex. The problem with lack of genetic variability is also relevant with humans though. If the whole population has same genetic substance, one virus can expunge the entire population. Another reason why people argue on the subject of cloning humans is religious and moral beliefs, cloning essay.

From moral and ethical standpoint, cloning will not only diminish the value of human life, but will also induce natural ways of reproduction of mankind to become spurned and forgotten. One more reason against cloning is fear that someone someday will decide to create super clones with intelligence and power far beyond of an average human. What will that mean for normal, average humans that were cloning essay produced by cloning methods? Will that mean that normal humans will actually be considered lower level of society? So far there are no answers to these questions, cloning essay. And of course, the last, but nevertheless a very important argument, is the cost. It creates a question whether or not cloning would be an cloning essay to all levels of society, cloning essay, or would the prices be so high that only a few will be able to afford it?

As of today, natural way of reproductions is definitely the cheapest one. No doubt the discussion about pros and cons of cloning is far from over, leaving people to decide which direction to take on this matter, cloning essay. Cloning essay as science continues to develop and technology continues to advance, it is possible, cloning essay, that one day cloning will not be a novelty anymore. But it will probably leave humanity with a far more important question, as to how to put it to the right use. Cloning — Essay Sample. The road to success is easy with a little help. Let's get your assignment out of the way. Order now.

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Works Cited Andrews, Lori. Hayes, Richard. Lyon, Jeff. Pethokoukis, James. TSC: What Is eality? We pursue virtual reality not because we seek to embrace reality, but because we seek to escape it. The availability of virtual reality technology enables us to create a controllable world which 'feels' real, but without any of the actual consequences of inhabiting reality. In virtually real games, we can act violently; become sports stars; take on entirely different personas in a consequence-free universe. One of the definitions of technology is that it technology involves the use of various created implements to make our lives seem 'easier.

However, the risks of virtual reality are great, namely that we will enter into the 'real' world after 'playtime' with a less secure grasp…. References Kass, L TNR Online The New Republic Online. Ian Wimut and Keith Campell could effectively clone two sheeps named Megan and Morag in July from the differentiated emryo cells. History of Cloning Dolly originated on July 5, as the first organism ever to e cloned from adult cells. Following the announcements for creation of Dolly y Ian Wilmut, an extensive deate on human cloning ethics emerged and that led President Clinton to propose for a five-year moratorium on federal as well as privately invested human cloning research on March 4, Richard Seed, a Havard graduate could announce on Decemer 5, aout his ojective of cloning a human eing prior to an of the process y enactment of the federal laws.

Following the successful cloning of Dolly, Ian Wilmut and Keith Campell generated Polly, after cloning of a Poll Dorset lam from skill cells grown on a la and with its alteration genetically to incorporate…. Accessed on 11 March, Cloning Fact Sheet" Human Genome Project Information. Accessed on 11 March, Cloning: what's stopping us? Law" 22 October, Ivanhoe Broadcast News. Accessed on 11 March, Gabby. Accessed on 11 March, genetics research and ethics related to the topic of human cloning. The article outlines the issues and controversies surrounding each cloning type, and asserts a moral and ethical position which the authors consider to be a viable and necessary middle ground. The article is secondarily targeted for consumption by the general public as an informational resource.

The selected article by Kuppuswamy et. References Kuppuswamy, C. Is Human Reproductive Cloning Inevitable: Future Options for UN Governance. Fear is an emotion that often paralyzes people and fear of the unknown often precipitates irrational thoughts and behavior. One hot topic that illustrates this point is cloning. Many opponents to the subject of cloning are basing their arguments on fear. This fear is irrational and totally unfounded and extremely damaging to the cause of science. As a society, we are on a path that is leading us to embark on nothing short of fantastic discoveries and allowing fear to hinder this growth would be a dreadful mistake. Cloning is not bad or wrong -- the fear that accompanies it is. Alun Anderson brings to mind several reasons why human cloning could be beneficial.

One example can be seen in the couple who carries a recessive gene for disease. In this scenario, one of the parents cloning him or herself would remove the risk of their child being born diseased. Works Cited Anderson, Alun. Winters, Paul, ed. San Diego: Greenhaven Press. Baum, Rudy. Since the war in Iraq, thousands of American soldiers have been injured, and some of them paralyzed by explosions that shattered their spinal columns. Traumatic paralysis is often irreversible because the network of nerves in the human spinal cord cannot repair themselves when they are badly damaged.

Applications of cloning technology will allow us to grow new nerve tissue for implantation into damaged spinal cords to restore their functions Sagan, Seventh Point - Cloned Human Organs Can Save Thousands of Lives Every Year: Medical applications of cloning technology already allows doctors to grow human skin for burn victims. The exact same technology will allow us to make human organs by actually cloning the cells from the same person to make replacement organs Soares, This means an end to long waiting lists for donor organs and will make the difference between life and death for thousands of people every…. References Krock, L. html Sagan, C. Random House: New York Soares, C. Why Human Clones Won't Work Yet. For some the issue then arises when the pluripotent cells are removed from the blastocyst, as this very act negates the ability for the cell group to develop into a human being.

The pluripotent stem cells undergo further specialization into multipotent stem cells, which are committed to giving rise to cells that have a particular function. agree with President Bush's ethical opposition to all human cloning? Should cloning only be used for therapeutic purposes or not at all? Does every person have the right to reproduction, even lesbians or gay men through the use of cloning? The paper will be in the first person narrative. Human Cloning The successful cloning of Dolly, an adult sheep in the recent past, can be seen as one of the biggest advancements in science today. And even more dramatic is the news of the world's first cloned baby Eve, as announced by Brigitte Boisselier of Clonaid led by a bunch of UFO worshippers who call themselves the Raelians.

However, the dramatic achievement of human cloning has simultaneously raised many issues. Is it ethical to clone a human being? Is it religiously correct? Is it morally viable? Is it legally acceptable? Somehow, human cloning has become a major public issue with…. Chimpanzees and gorillas can be taught human sign language, and sign with one another even without humans present. MMMC, They argue that to use intelligence and compassion as a sliding scale of the right to life would cause many humans to be justified out of existence. However, even if one accepts that too many animals are experimented upon, and researchers should use other means, it is similarly hard to justify the elimination of all animal experimentation, altogether, as this would have meant the end of such recent drug developments in AIDS research, as well as more questionable animal tests, as for instance, the use of rabbits in cosmetic testing, for which there are acceptable substitutes that do not require animals.

orks Cited Bayliss, Francoise. php BBC News. Works Cited Bayliss, Francoise. stm Bird, Gloria W. And Sporkowuski, Michael J. The Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc. Guilford, CT. Feb 12, " Scientists 'cloned human embryos' CNN News Website. Study Limitations. There is no doubt that the issue of stem cell research and cloning carries with it scientific obligations, moral concerns, and future possibilities obertson, However, authors such as osenthal and Lanza have managed to put the issue squarely where it belong at this juncture, namely, controlled empirical investigative research.

The authors, although, thorough in their presentation, did little to encourage the on-going process of stem cell research for regenerative medicine. The limitations of their research presentation include the following: No direct relationship was established between animal stem cell research and human stem cell research. Mention was not made with respect to the costs of current stem cell research efforts and possible future costs. Emphasis was not place on the overall need for advanced biotechnology. Documentation between government regulations and current stem cell research efforts was not addressed.

The authors did little to address the potential stem cell…. References Andrews, Lori B. The Clone Age: Adventures in the New World of Reproductive Technology. New York: Henry Holt and Company. Meilaender, Gilbertm Remarks on human embryonic stem- cell research. Paper presented to the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. National Institutes of Health. NIH guidelines for stem cell. Stem Cell Ethics Debating the Ethics of Stem Cells The term 'stem cells' can mean different things to different people. For some, it conjures images of medical miracles providing solutions for heart disease, diabetes, and dementia.

For others, it terrifies with a future filled with cloned humans. Still others cringe at the thought of mass producing cultured human embryos for the sole purpose of providing organs and tissues for a paying public. As with most complex issues, news media coverage tends to exaggerate easily understood concepts at the expense of the overall truth and the public accordingly remains ignorant of the subtleties surrounding this debate. This seems to add fuel the emergence of polarized camps and a shrinking of a common middle ground. To better define this middle ground, this essay will discuss both sides of this debate and argue instead that the vast majority of people would likely support….

Works Cited Antiniou, Michael. The author argues that the use of embryonic stem cells for research and medicine poses significant ethical and moral issues that cannot be overcome. Of particular concern is the potential for reproductive cloning, a door that the author believes was opened when the UK government approved the use of embryonic stems cells for research and medicine. Blow, Nathan. The author presents several issues facing researchers who work with stem cells and discusses why they are important to advancing this field of research.

Of primary concern is developing standard protocols for producing stem cells and creating the necessary protocols and reagents that will allow the therapeutic use of stem cells in humans. Leeb, C. et al. The focus of this article is the promises and limitations of embryonic, adult, and induced pluripotent stem cells, from the perspective of scientists working in this field. The ethical decisions concerning the use of embryonic stem cells are only mentioned in passing. Power, Carl and Rasko, E. The authors discuss in detail the three main types of stem cell technologies: embryonic, adult, and induced pluripotent. Ethical issues are mentioned occasionally, but not discussed.

Human genetics is a modern issue that moves from the forefront to the background of our global culture. It is not only a scientific endeavor, but it is also an activity laden with political implications, as well as a business opportunity for the media. Human genetics and human cloning become more accessible issues because the practice influences the average citizen more so than before, with or without the average citizen's knowledge. What the average person knows about human genetics and human cloning has been increased and influenced by media representations. The paper will focus on an article that questions the interest of genetic research in the mind of the general public as well as considers why human genetics and human cloning are media-worthy at all.

Reference: Bubela, T. A comparison of newspaper stories and peer-reviewed research papers. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 9 , -- Life Science Current Event eport Current Events on Cloning and Evolution Topic and Date: The Ethics of Egg Manipulation Evolution , August 27, Nature The article "The Ethics of Egg Manipulation" published in Nature investigates the research challenges in reducing diseases that can be identified prior to egg fertilization. Scientists have questioned if it is necessary for humans to give birth to offspring that are at high risk for genetic diseases. Their hypothesis is: If we remove the bad parts of the DNA from one egg and replace it with good DNA from another egg and use the new egg for in vitro fertilization, can we reduce the number of babies born with disease Anonymous, ?

Current experiments have been performed on monkeys. The experiments have been successful and scientists believe the research is ready to move to humans, but many laws are in place to deter this type of…. References Anonymous. The ethics of egg manipulation. Nature, , Retrieved from ProQuest Database. Clones of the dead. water in your area? How will these changes affect your personal life? What impact will it have on your local water supply? There is plentiful water in my region I live in the Great Lakes region. Nonetheless, a brief water conservation plan is the following: To use water for just its needs and to ensure that tap water is not left running in between those needs.

To double used bathwater as water that can be used for washing the floor. To, as much as possible, use rainwater for gardening In order to supply water to humans certain technologies must be utilized. Desalination is one of the methods that are used for promoting pure water supply. It literally means…. htm Forbes. Top 10 Environmental Success Stories and 10 Future Challenges. html ixzz2CgzQ. Despite the tremendous capacity of stem cell science, cloning technology, and neuro-implantation to improve human health and minimize suffering from disease and trauma, there has been significant opposition primarily based in religious dogma: specifically, the belief that human life begins at conception. Certainly, there are important ethical considerations, but they are no different in principle from those currently relied upon to regulate all other aspects of modern medicine and health care delivery.

Ultimately, it is imperative to develop the full potential of stem cell science, cloning technology, and neuro-implantation in conjunction with a comprehensive set of ethical guidelines to prevent irresponsible or unethical misuses. However, those ethical guidelines may only incorporate secular concepts and definitions and never the religious beliefs of any particular religious tradition. eferences Gerrig, , Zimbardo, P. Psychology and Life. Levine, C. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Bioethical Issues. References Gerrig, R, Zimbardo, P. Dubuque Iowa: McGraw Hill. Tong, R. New Perspectives in Health Care Ethics: An Interdisciplinary and Cultural Approach Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. The most important is changing conditions in the external environment.

As new challenges arise, new technologies must be developed to meet those challenges. Another factor is competition. In many industries, business is so competitive that new technology is required to give companies competitive advantage, so they develop it. Another factor is increasing wealth in the world. Nations are contributing to the growth of technology that have not been able to make contributions in the past. All of this has an impact on corporate social responsibility. However you define CSR and whatever types of new technologies are created, companies must always keep in mind that they need to be ethical and remember their responsibilities to society. Any number of corporate social responsibility issues can arise out of the use of technology and scientific research, since all three terms are….

Works Cited: Friedman, M. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. html Sinnott-Armstrong, W. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. A theory of government regulation and self-regulation with the specter of nonmarket threats. Ohio State University. Jurassic Park The famous novel, Jurassic Park, is based on the subject of a wildlife preserve for dinosaurs. The renowned writer of this novel, Michael Crichton, hoisted the conventional phantom of the revivification of species that have been wiped out from the face of the earth by using conserving DNA samples "Jurassic Park' 20 Years" C The uncontrolled genetic engineering produced outcomes that were not the concern of just the scientists in the novel but are the concern of the whole human civilization Sharp Crichton was able to craft a vibrantly dramatic action-adventure story with the Jurassic Park that revolved around the ideas of gluttony and crookedness of science.

In this vivid tale of Crichton, an affluent investor builds a theme park that was located on an island off the coast of Costa ica. The peculiar part of the tale is that the investor hires a scientist to…. References Fisher, B. Film Trilogy about Resurrected Dinosaurs Debuts on Blu-Ray. Sharp, Michael D. Popular Contemporary Writers. New York: Marshall Cavendish Reference, Trembley, Elizabeth A. Michael Crichton: A Critical Companion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, Embryonic stem cells can be used to help human beings who suffer from debilitating diseases for which no other solution offers hope. For this reason alone, the research should be legal, considering that the embryos from which the stem cells are derived cannot be shown to possess any type of noticeable consciousness.

There is no moral reason to favor the use of animals in medical research over the use of embryonic stem cells, considering that the former are fully developed creatures who clearly have the potential to feel pain, whereas the latter demonstrate little more than potentiality. Furthermore, most embryonic stem cells are culled from discarded tissues used for in vitro fertilization. If in vitro fertilization is legal then so too should be the proper use of the leftover cell mass. orks Cited Human Reproduction and Development. Retrieved 22 Sept , from the Ipui Department of Biology eb…. Works Cited Human Reproduction and Development. html Irving, Dianne N. Framing the Debates on Human Cloning and Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Pluripotent vs.

html Kischer, C. Human Development and Reconsideration of Ensoulment. integrons has been driven by the alarmingly rapid appearance of antibiotic resistance among a number of bacteria liked to widespread disease in the last century. These bacteria have become an increasing threat to human health, and have often been featured in the media as "super bugs" that may evade any attempts to control their effects using antibiotic treatments. As a result, research into the genetic mechanisms that these drugs use to acquire genetic resistance has been followed with growing interest. The discovery of integrons may well therefore become known as one of the most important stepping-stones in this research Rowe-Magnus. Integrons are simply bacterial systems that allow the bacteria to capture and express DNA from other bacteria.

Integrons capture foreign gene cassettes that code for important metabolic functions. Many of these gene cassettes contain genetic material that confers resistance to antibiotic drugs. There are over 70 different antibiotic resistance genes…. Works Cited Rowe-Magnus, Dean. Faculty Research Focus, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. Accusations of Ignorance When a new version of an old evil appears on the event horizon of mankinds slow march toward evolutionary progress, those who preach cultural diversity and tolerance are the first to stake out a position of acceptance.

Modern man must be tolerant of new ideas, because through the new ideas, man evolves into a more progressive, and advances creature. This approach seems to be the popular mantra regardless of what lessons have been learned through similar events in the past. Regardless of the lessons mankind has learned about the evil which man can perpetrate against himself, there are those who believe that with enough time, and modern advancements in knowledge, technology, and understanding, man can overcome our propensity toward depraved behavior, which we have shown over and over again that we are willing to perpetrate on others.

The surprising aspect of this cultural phenomenon is that those…. However, I also picture both aspects of science encompassing the scientists that wish to make the world a better place, for instance, preserving the earth and also advancing scientific theories as well as the scientists that use knowledge for negative purposes such as creating bombs and viruses. Discuss at least three characteristics of your vision of a scientist One of the characteristics of my vision of a scientist is having had formulated and developed a scientific theory that had massive impact. A second characteristic of a scientist is someone who is extremely smart and intellectual and lastly I consider scientists to be revolutionary.

Ethical Argument Proclaimed by scientists, the thriving cloning of an adult sheep and the prospect to clone a human being is one of the most striking and latest instances of a scientific innovation turning out to be a major argumentative issue. A variety of critics, physicians and legal specialists, scientists and theologians, talk-radio hosts, as well as editorial column writers, for the period of the preceding few months, have been effectively reacting to the news, a number of them bringing up fears and apprehensions on the ethical and moral side of the subject, of the viewpoint of cloning a human being. The National ioethics Advisory Commission NAC , at the appeal of the President, held inquiries, as well as organized a report on the ethical, religious, as well as lawful subjects contiguous to human cloning.

The Commission suggested a suspension on attempts to clone human beings, at the same time as…. Bibliography National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Cloning Human Beings. Report and Recommendations. June 9, James Q. The Paradox of Cloning. Weekly Standard. May 26, Jean Bethke Elshtain. New Republic. March 31, The Confusion over Cloning. New York Review of Books. October 23, His most famous work is his Utopia, a book in which he created his version of a perfect society and gave his name to such conceptions ever after as "utopias.

The order and dignity of the state in this book contrasted sharply with the reality of statecraft in Christian Europe at the time, a region divided by self-interest and greed for power and riches. The book was also an expression of More's form of Humanism Maynard The term can also have broader application as a reference to any plans of government or schemes for social improvement which present the possibilities of a good society. The society depicted in Never Let Me Go…. Works Cited Ishiguro, Kazuo. Never Let Me Go. New York: Vintage Books, Maynard, Theodore. Humanist as Hero: The Life of Sir Thomas More. New York: Macmillan, Freyhofer Globalizing clinical research has reportedly proven to be one solution for America's pharmaceutical paradox.

Doctors prescribe more than 10 prescriptions for the average American each year. Only one person in , however, will submit themselves to be a participant in experimental drug testing. Cloning plants and animals may have some pros, for example, it may help create species, especially nutritional plants and food producing animals that will withstand more diseases. But at the same time it creates a situation in which efforts to fully clone both, will eventually result in lack of DNA distinction. Even with all modern technologies and knowledge that scientists have access to, they are not able to predict behavior of viruses and other unexpected things that cloned species will have to face in the future.

So with viruses evolving and mutating, minimum diversity in genes will eventually lead to species extinction, as they will not be able to enhance survivability. When it comes to cloning humans, arguments become far more complex. The problem with lack of genetic variability is also relevant with humans though. If the whole population has same genetic substance, one virus can expunge the entire population. Another reason why people argue on the subject of cloning humans is religious and moral beliefs. From moral and ethical standpoint, cloning will not only diminish the value of human life, but will also induce natural ways of reproduction of mankind to become spurned and forgotten.

Want to get an original essay on this topic? First of all, cloning is unacceptable because it is dangerous. Also, researchers at the National Human Genome Research Institute found that clones have an, …increase in birth size and a variety of defects in vital organs, such as the liver, brain, and heart NHGRI. Is it really okay to bring more people into this world that have a predisposition to having to suffer their whole lives just because some humans think it would be cool? Second, cloning should stay illegal because it is unethical. Even though everyone on this planet has different definitions of what is moral and what is not, most people can agree that cloning humans, at least, is immoral. According to the Journal of Medical Ethics, Children still die of leukemia and other diseases because there are no appropriate tissues for transplantation, Williamson If it is okay with you to let children die unnecessarily so that our society can have cloning, then fine.

But that just does not sit right with me. Finally, cloning is awful because it is unnecessary. As of , the human population was growing by 83 million a year Worldometer. Is it really necessary to bring even more people into this world? About million, or about 1 in 9, people in the world do not have enough food to live a healthy life Food Aid Foundation. While most of these people live in developing countries, there 40 million people in the United States that are hungry Feeding America. Feeding all of the hungry children in the world would cost 3. This may sound like a lot, but cloning research can cost a lot of money too, between buying supplies and paying the test subjects Herper. If this money was instead spent on feeding the children, our future could be way better than it is right now.

To summarize, cloning is awful and needs to stay illegal. Many of them die in the womb or suffer from disabilities because it is dangerous. Cloning is unethical since it can cause already living children to die, and it is unnecessary because the human population is growing incredibly fast as it is. Humans should just mind their business and leave nature the way it is. Cloning Fact Sheet. National Human Genome Research Institute NHGRI , www.